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Cross phase coherence11/21/2023 ![]() Such low modal dispersion enhances the intermodal nonlinear interaction and leads to the observation of new physical phenomena that attract growing interests including spatial beam self-cleaning and spatiotemporal mode-locking 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24. The parabolic core index profile of GRIN-MMF renders its transverse modes to cluster into nearly degenerate mode families whereas the intermodal dispersion between two mode families is orders of magnitude smaller than that of a regular step-index MMF or waveguide 18. This two-step pumping scheme enables the photonic flywheel demonstration first in a monolithic fiber Fabry–Pérot (FP) cavity platform 15 and later in a silica disk microresonator 16 and a silica wedge microresonator 17.Īmong all Kerr microcomb platforms, fiber FP platform provides a unique opportunity to study the spatiotemporal mode-locking enabled by the use of graded-index multimode fiber (GRIN-MMF). Recently, a two-step pumping scheme for dissipative Kerr soliton (DKS) microcomb, utilizing the interplay between stimulated Brillouin laser (SBL) and cavity Kerr nonlinearity, is introduced to fundamentally narrow the comb linewidth and lower the repetition rate phase noise towards the quantum limit 15. Our results show the potential of GRIN-MMF FP mesoresonators as an ideal testbed for high-dimensional nonlinear cavity dynamics and photonic flywheel with ultrahigh coherence and ultralow timing jitter.ĭue to the low size, weight, power and cost and easy access to large comb spacing in nonconventional spectral ranges 1, 2, Kerr microcomb has emerged as a promising frequency comb source and opens new applications such as highly multiplexed coherent optical communication 3, 4, astrocombs 5, 6, ranging 7, 8, dual-comb spectroscopy 9, 10, integrated frequency synthesizers 11, 12, and optical clockwork 13, 14. The demonstrated fundamental comb linewidth of 400 mHz and DKS timing jitter of 500 attosecond (averaging times up to 25 μs) represent improvements of 25× and 2.5×, respectively, from the state-of-the-art. Furthermore, we demonstrate an ultralow noise microcomb that enhances the photonic flywheel performance in both the fundamental comb linewidth and DKS timing jitter. Complementing the two-step pumping scheme with a cavity stress tuning method, we can selectively excite either the eigenmode DKS or the STML DKS. Here, we combine the principles of DKS and STML to demonstrate the STML DKS by developing an unexplored ultrahigh-quality-factor Fabry–Pérot (FP) mesoresonator based on graded index multimode fiber (GRIN-MMF). Spatiotemporal mode-locking (STML) not only adds new degrees of freedom to ultrafast laser technology, but also provides new insights for implementing analogue computers and heuristic optimizers with photonics. Dissipative Kerr soliton (DKS) frequency combs-also known as microcombs-have arguably created a new field in cavity nonlinear photonics, with a strong cross-fertilization between theoretical, experimental, and technological research. ![]()
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